Kuthethwa ukuthini ngekhabhoni esebenzayo?
Ikhabhoni esebenzayo yimathiriyeli yendalo esetyenzisiweyo ephezulu kumxholo wekhabhoni.Ngokomzekelo, amalahle, ukhuni okanye i-coconut yimathiriyeli ekrwada egqibeleleyo kule nto.Imveliso ebangelwayo ine-porosity ephezulu kwaye iyakwazi ukubhengeza iimolekyuli zezinto ezingcolileyo kwaye zibambisa, ngaloo ndlela zihlambulula umoya, iigesi kunye nolwelo.
Zeziphi iifom ezinokubonelelwa ngazo ikharbhon ecushiwe?
Ikhabhoni esebenzayo inokuveliswa ngokurhweba ngegranular, iipelletise kunye neefomu zomgubo.Ubungakanani obahlukeneyo buchazwa kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.Ngokomzekelo, kunyango lomoya okanye lwerhasi, uthintelo lokuhamba luphuma ngaphandle, kwaye ke amasuntswana arhabaxa asetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ilahleko yoxinzelelo.Kunyango lwe-liquid, apho inkqubo yokususa iyancipha, ke iinqununu eziphuculweyo zisetyenziselwa ukuphucula izinga, okanye i-kinetics, inkqubo yokucoca.
Isebenza njani ikhabhoni esebenzayo?
Ikhabhoni esebenzayo isebenza ngenkqubo ye-adsorption.Lo ngumtsalane wemolekyuli kwindawo enkulu yangaphakathi yekhabhoni ngamandla abuthathaka, aziwa ngokuba yimikhosi yaseLondon.I-molecule ibanjwe kwaye ayikwazi ukususwa, ngaphandle kokuba iimeko zenkqubo zitshintsha, umzekelo wokufudumeza okanye uxinzelelo.Oku kunokuba luncedo njengoko ikhabhoni esebenzayo ingasetyenziselwa ukugxila kwizinto ezinokuthi zihluthwe kwaye zibuyiselwe.Ukusetyenziswa kwekhabhoni esebenzayo ukubuyiswa kwegolide ngomnye umzekelo oqhelekileyo woku.
Kwezinye iimeko, ikhabhoni esebenzayo iphathwa ngokwekhemikhali ukuze isuse izinto ezingcolisa umoya kwaye kulo mzekelo isiphumo esiye saphendulwa ikhompawundi ayifumaneki.
Umphezulu wekhabhoni osebenzayo awukho inert ngokupheleleyo, kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-catalytic zinokufezekiswa kusetyenziswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwendawo eyandisiweyo yangaphakathi ekhoyo.
Ithini ikhabhoni esebenzayo kwizicelo?
IiKhabhoni ezisebenzayo zinosetyenziso oluninzi olwahlukileyo ukusuka ekuhluzweni ukuya ekucocweni nangaphaya.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ubunzima kunye nokuphindaphinda kweengxaki zencasa kunye nevumba kumanzi okusela ziye zanda kwihlabathi liphela.Ngaphaya kwengxaki yobuhle kumthengi, oku kwakhona kudala ukungaqiniseki malunga nomgangatho kunye nokhuseleko lwamanzi.Iikhompawundi ezinoxanduva lweengxaki zencasa kunye nevumba zinokuba ne-anthropogenic (ukukhutshwa kwamashishini okanye kukamasipala) okanye imvelaphi yebhayoloji.Kwimeko yokugqibela, ziveliswa ngezilwanyana ezincinci ezifana ne-cyanobacteria.
Iikhompawundi ezimbini eziqhelekileyo ziyi-geosmin kunye ne-2-methylisoborneol (MIB).I-Geosmin, enevumba lomhlaba, idla ngokuveliswa yiplanktonic cyanobacteria (ixhonywe emanzini).I-MIB, enevumba elibi, idla ngokuveliswa kwi-biofilm ephuhla ematyeni, kwizityalo zasemanzini kunye nentlenga.Ezi khompawundi zichongwa ziiseli zomntu ezinuka kamnandi kwindawo ephantsi kakhulu, nakuluhlu lwamalungu ambalwa ngetriliyoni (ppt, okanye ng/l).
Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokunyanga amanzi azikwazi ukususa i-MIB kunye ne-geosmin ukuya ngaphantsi kwencasa yazo kunye nevumba, nto leyo ekhokelela ekusebenziseni ikhabhoni esebenzayo kwesi sicelo.Indlela eqhelekileyo yengqesho kukwenziwa ngumgubo wekhabhoni (PAC), ethi igalelwe kumlambo wamanzi ngamaxesha athile onyaka ukulawula incasa nemiba yevumba.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-10-2022