I-Phytoremediation ye-Metal-iNgcolisekileyo yeMihlaba kusetyenziswa izilungiso ze-Organic

Ikhabhoni esebenzayo iqulethe izinto zekhabhoni ezivela kumalahle.Ikhabhoni esebenzayo iveliswa yi-pyrolysis yezinto eziphilayo zemvelaphi yezityalo.Ezi zixhobo ziquka amalahle, amaqokobhe ekhokhonathi kunye neenkuni,ingxowa yommoba,iimbotyi zesoyakunye ne-nutshell (Dias et al., 2007; Paraskeva et al., 2008).Kwinqanaba elilinganiselweyo,umgquba wezilwanyanazikwasetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwekhabhoni esebenzayo.Ukusetyenziswa kwekhabhoni esebenzayo kuqhelekile ukususa isinyithi kumanzi amdaka, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwi-metal immobilization ayiqhelekanga kumhlaba ongcolileyo (Gerçel noGerçel, 2007; Lima noMarshall, 2005b).Umgquba weenkukhu ovela kwikhabhoni esebenzayo wawunamandla okubopha isinyithi (uLima noMarshall, 2005a).Ikhabhoni esebenzayo isoloko isetyenziselwa ukulungiswa kwezinto ezingcolisa umhlaba kunye namanzi ngenxa yesakhiwo se-porous, indawo enkulu yomhlaba kunye nomthamo ophezulu we-adsorption (Üçer et al., 2006).I-carbon esebenzayo isusa isinyithi (i-Ni, i-Cu, i-Fe, i-Co, i-Cr) kwisisombululo ngokusebenzisa i-precipitation njenge-metal hydroxide, i-adsorption kwi-activated carbon (Lyubchik et al., 2004).Ikhoba le-almond elithathwe kwi-AC lisuswe ngempumelelo i-Ni kumanzi amdaka kunye nangaphandle kwe-H₂SO₄unyango (Hasar, 2003).

Kutshanje, i-biochar isetyenzisiwe njengesilungiso somhlaba ngenxa yeempembelelo zayo eziluncedo kumhlaba owahlukileyo weempawu zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali (Beesley et al., 2010).I-Biochar iqulethe imixholo ephezulu kakhulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-90%) ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto zomzali (uChan noXu, 2009).Ukongezwa kwe-biochar kuphucula i-adsorption ye-organic carbon enyibilikayo,umhlaba pH, iyancipha isinyithi kwi-leachates kunye nokongeza izondlo ze-macro (Novak et al., 2009; Pietikäinen et al., 2000).Ukuzingisa kwexesha elide kwe-biochar emhlabeni kunciphisa igalelo lesinyithi ngokusetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwezinye izilungiso (uLehmann noJoseph, 2009).Beesley et al.(2010) ugqibe kwelokuba i-biochar yehlise i-Cd enyibilikayo yamanzi kunye ne-Zn emhlabeni ngenxa yokwanda kwe-organic carbon kunye ne-pH.Ikhabhoni esetyenzisiweyo iyancipha ukuxinana kwesinyithi (Ni, Cu, Mn, Zn) kumahlumelo ezityalo zombona ezikhuliswe kumhlaba ongcolisekileyo xa kuthelekiswa nomhlaba ongalungiswanga (Sabir et al., 2013).I-Biochar iyancipha imilinganiselo ephezulu ye-Cd enyibilikayo kunye ne-Zn kumhlaba ongcolileyo (i-Beesley kunye ne-Marmiroli, i-2011).Bagqiba kwelokuba i-sorption yindlela ebalulekileyo yokugcina isinyithi ngomhlaba.I-Biochar iyancipha i-concentration ye-Cd kunye ne-Zn kwi-300- kunye ne-45-i-fold-fold-fold in the leachate concentrations, ngokulandelanayo (uBeesley noMarmiroli, i-2011).