I-Phytoremediation ye-Metal-iNgcolisekileyo yeMihlaba kusetyenziswa izilungiso ze-Organic

Ikhabhoni esebenzayo iqulethe izinto zekhabhoni ezivela kumalahle. Ikhabhoni esebenzayo iveliswa yi-pyrolysis yezinto eziphilayo zemvelaphi yezityalo. Ezi zixhobo ziquka amalahle, amaqokobhe ekhokhonathi kunye neenkuni,ingxowa yommoba,iimbotyi zesoyakunye ne-nutshell (Dias et al., 2007; Paraskeva et al., 2008). Kwinqanaba elilinganiselweyo,umgquba wezilwanyanazikwasetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwekhabhoni esebenzayo. Ukusetyenziswa kwekhabhoni esebenzayo kuqhelekile ukususa isinyithi kumanzi amdaka, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwi-metal immobilization ayiqhelekanga kumhlaba ongcolileyo (Gerçel noGerçel, 2007; Lima noMarshall, 2005b). Umgquba weenkukhu ovela kwikhabhoni esebenzayo wawunamandla okubopha isinyithi (uLima noMarshall, 2005a). Ikhabhoni esebenzayo isoloko isetyenziselwa ukulungiswa kwezinto ezingcolisa umhlaba kunye namanzi ngenxa yesakhiwo se-porous, indawo enkulu yomhlaba kunye nomthamo ophezulu we-adsorption (Üçer et al., 2006). I-carbon esebenzayo isusa isinyithi (i-Ni, i-Cu, i-Fe, i-Co, i-Cr) kwisisombululo ngokusebenzisa imvula njenge-hydroxide yensimbi, i-adsorption kwi-activated carbon (Lyubchik et al., 2004). Ikhoba le-almond elithathwe kwi-AC lisuswe ngempumelelo i-Ni kumanzi amdaka kunye nangaphandle kwe-H₂SO₄unyango (Hasar, 2003).

Kutshanje, i-biochar isetyenzisiwe njengesilungiso somhlaba ngenxa yeempembelelo zayo eziluncedo kumhlaba ohlukeneyo weempawu zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali (Beesley et al., 2010). I-Biochar iqulethe imixholo ephezulu kakhulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-90%) ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto zomzali (uChan noXu, 2009). Ukongezwa kwe-biochar kuphucula i-adsorption ye-organic carbon enyibilikayo,umhlaba pH, iyancipha isinyithi kwi-leachates kunye nokongeza izondlo ze-macro (Novak et al., 2009; Pietikäinen et al., 2000). Ukuzingisa kwexesha elide kwe-biochar emhlabeni kunciphisa igalelo lesinyithi ngokusetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwezinye izilungiso (uLehmann noJoseph, 2009). Beesley et al. (2010) ugqibe kwelokuba i-biochar yehlise i-Cd enyibilikayo yamanzi kunye ne-Zn emhlabeni ngenxa yokwanda kwe-organic carbon kunye ne-pH. I-activated carbon lowered concentration yesinyithi (Ni, Cu, Mn, Zn) kumahlumelo ezityalo zombona ezikhuliswe kumhlaba ongcolisekileyo xa kuthelekiswa nomhlaba ongalungiswanga (Sabir et al., 2013). I-Biochar iyancipha imilinganiselo ephezulu ye-Cd enyibilikayo kunye ne-Zn kumhlaba ongcolileyo (i-Beesley kunye ne-Marmiroli, i-2011). Bagqiba kwelokuba i-sorption yindlela ebalulekileyo yokugcina isinyithi ngomhlaba. I-Biochar iyancipha i-concentration ye-Cd kunye ne-Zn kwi-300- kunye ne-45-i-fold-fold-fold in the leachate concentrations, ngokulandelanayo (i-Beesley kunye ne-Marmiroli, i-2011).