Ukulungiswa kwezityalo kwiMihlaba eNgcoliswe yiMetal kusetyenziswa uhlengahlengiso lwezinto eziphilayo

I-activated carbon iqulethe izinto ze-carbonaceous ezithathwe kumalahle. I-activated carbon iveliswa yi-pyrolysis yezinto eziphilayo ezivela kwizityalo. Ezi zinto ziquka amalahle, amaqokobhe ekhokhonathi kunye nomthi,i-bagasse yomoba,iigobolondo zesoyakwaye ngokufutshane (Dias et al., 2007; Paraskeva et al., 2008). Kwinqanaba elilinganiselweyo,ubulongwe bezilwanyanazikwasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-activated carbon. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-activated carbon kuqhelekile ukususa iintsimbi emanzini amdaka, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo ekuthinteleni isinyithi akuqhelekanga kumhlaba ongcolileyo (Gerçel noGerçel, 2007; Lima noMarshall, 2005b). I-activated carbon ephuma kwi-poultry fertilizer yayinamandla amahle okubopha isinyithi (Lima noMarshall, 2005a). I-activated carbon idla ngokusetyenziselwa ukulungisa ukungcola emhlabeni nasemanzini ngenxa yesakhiwo esineembobo, indawo enkulu yomphezulu kunye namandla aphezulu okufunxa (Üçer et al., 2006). I-activated carbon isusa iintsimbi (Ni, Cu, Fe, Co, Cr) kwisisombululo ngemvula njenge-metal hydroxide, ukufunxa kwi-activated carbon (Lyubchik et al., 2004). I-AC ephuma kwi-almond husk isusa i-Ni ngokufanelekileyo kumanzi amdaka ane-H kwaye engenawo.₂SO₄unyango (Hasar, 2003).

Kutshanje, i-biochar isetyenzisiwe njengotshintsho lomhlaba ngenxa yeziphumo zayo ezilungileyo kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba kunye neekhemikhali (Beesley et al., 2010). I-Biochar iqulethe umxholo ophezulu kakhulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-90%) kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezisisiseko (Chan kunye no-Xu, 2009). Ukongezwa kwe-biochar kuphucula ukufunxwa kwe-carbon enyibilikisiweyo,i-pH yomhlaba, kunciphisa iimetali kwi-leachates kwaye kongeze izondlo ezinkulu (Novak et al., 2009; Pietikäinen et al., 2000). Ukuhlala ixesha elide kwe-biochar emhlabeni kunciphisa igalelo leemetali ngokusebenzisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ezinye izilungiso (Lehmann noJoseph, 2009). UBeesley et al. (2010) bagqibe kwelokuba i-biochar inciphise i-Cd kunye ne-Zn enyibilikayo emanzini emhlabeni ngenxa yokwanda kwe-carbon kunye ne-pH. I-carbon esebenzayo inciphise uxinano lwe-metal (Ni, Cu, Mn, Zn) kumahlumela ezityalo zombona ezikhuliswe kumhlaba ongcolisiweyo xa kuthelekiswa nomhlaba ongalungiswanga (Sabir et al., 2013). I-Biochar inciphise uxinano oluphezulu lwe-Cd kunye ne-Zn enyibilikayo kumhlaba ongcolisiweyo (Beesley noMarmiroli, 2011). Bagqibe kwelokuba ukufunxa yindlela ebalulekileyo yokugcina iimetali ngumhlaba. I-Biochar yehlise uxinaniso lwe-Cd kunye ne-Zn ukuya kwehla ngokuphindwe ka-300 kunye nama-45 kuxinaniso lwe-leachate, ngokulandelelana (uBeesley kunye noMarmiroli, 2011).