Ngo-2020, iAsia Pacific yabamba esona sabelo sikhulu semakethi yekhabhoni esebenzayo yehlabathi.I-China kunye ne-Indiya ngabona babini baphambili abavelisi bekhabhoni esebenzayo kwihlabathi jikelele.EIndiya, ishishini lokuvelisa ikhabhoni lelinye lamashishini akhula ngokukhawuleza.Ukukhula kwemizi-mveliso kulo mmandla kunye nokunyuka kwamanyathelo karhulumente okunyanga inkunkuma yemizi-mveliso kuphembelele ukusetyenziswa kwekhabhoni esebenzayo.Ukwanda kwabemi kunye nemfuno ephezulu yemveliso yezoshishino kunye nezolimo inoxanduva lokukhulula inkunkuma kwimithombo yamanzi.Ngenxa yokonyuka kwemfuno yamanzi kumashishini anxulumene nokuveliswa kwenkunkuma ngomlinganiselo omkhulu, ishishini lokucoca amanzi lifumana isicelo salo eAsia Pacific.Ikhabhoni esebenzayo isetyenziswa kakhulu ukucocwa kwamanzi.Oku kwakhona kulindeleke ukuba kube negalelo ekukhuleni kwemarike kulo mmandla.
Ukukhutshwa kweMercury kukhutshwa kwizixhobo zamandla ezibaswa ngamalahle kwaye kuyingozi kokusingqongileyo nakwimpilo yabantu.Amazwe amaninzi amisele imigaqo malunga nezixa zetyhefu ezikhutshwa kwezi zixhobo zombane.Amazwe asaphuhlayo akakaseki izikhokelo zolawulo okanye zomthetho kwimekyuri;nangona kunjalo, ulawulo lwemekyuri luyilelwe ukuthintela ukukhutshwa okuyingozi.I-China ithathe amanyathelo okuthintela kunye nokunciphisa ungcoliseko lwe-mercury ngokusebenzisa izikhokelo ezininzi, imithetho, kunye neminye imilinganiselo.Ubuchwepheshe bolawulo oluphezulu, kubandakanywa i-hardware kunye nesofthiwe, isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-mercury.Ikhabhoni esebenzayo yenye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo ezisetyenziswa kwihardware yezi teknoloji ukucoca umoya.Imimiselo yokulawula ukukhutshwa kwemekyuri ukukhusela izifo ezibangelwa yityhefu yemekyuri iye yanda kumazwe amaninzi.Ngokomzekelo, iJapan yamkela imigaqo engqongqo yokukhutshwa kwemekyuri ngenxa yesifo saseMinamata esibangelwa yityhefu eyingozi yemekyuri.Ubugcisa obutsha, obufana ne-Actiated Carbon Injection, buphunyeziwe ukujongana nokukhutshwa kwemekyuri kula mazwe.Ke, imimiselo eyonyukayo yokukhutshwa kwemekyuri kwihlabathi liphela iqhuba imfuno yekhabhoni esebenzayo.
Ngohlobo, imakethi yekhabhoni esebenzayo yahlulwe yaba ngumgubo, igranular, kunye nepelletized kunye nabanye.Ngo-2020, icandelo lomgubo libambe esona sabelo sikhulu semarike.Ikhabhoni esetyenzisiweyo esekwe ipowder iyaziwa ngokusebenza kwayo kunye neempawu, ezinjengobungakanani besuntswana elilungileyo, elonyusa indawo ye-adsorption.Ubungakanani bekhabhoni eyenziwe ngumgubo ikuluhlu lwe-5‒150Å.Ikhabhoni eyenziwe ngumgubo inelona xabiso liphantsi.Ukusetyenziswa okwandayo kwekhabhoni esekwe ngumgubo kuya kuqhubeka ukonyusa imfuno ngexesha loqikelelo.
Ngokusekwe kwisicelo, imakethi yekhabhoni esebenzayo yahlulwe kunyango lwamanzi, ukutya kunye neziselo, amayeza, iimoto, kunye nabanye.Ngo-2020, icandelo lokucoca amanzi libambe esona sabelo sikhulu semakethi ngenxa yokonyuka kwamashishini kwihlabathi liphela.Ikhabhoni esebenzayo iqhubekile isetyenziswa njengendawo yokucoca amanzi.Amanzi asetyenziswa ekuveliseni angcoliseka kwaye afuna unyango ngaphambi kokuba akhululwe kwimizi yamanzi.Amazwe amaninzi anemimiselo engqongqo malunga nokucocwa kwamanzi kunye nokukhululwa kwamanzi angcolileyo.Ngenxa yomthamo ophezulu we-adsorption wekhabhoni esebenzayo ebangelwa yi-porosity kunye nommandla omkhulu wendawo, isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukususa ukungcola emanzini.
Amazwe amaninzi axhomekeke ekungenweni kwezi mathiriyeli ekrwada ukulungisa ikhabhoni ecuthiweyo ajongene nemicelimngeni emikhulu ekufumaneni imathiriyeli.Oku kukhokelele ekuvalweni ngokuyinxenye okanye ngokupheleleyo kweziza zokuvelisa ikhabhoni.Nangona kunjalo, njengoko uqoqosho luceba ukuvuselela imisebenzi yalo, imfuno yekhabhoni esebenzayo kulindeleke ukuba inyuke kwihlabathi jikelele.Isidingo esikhulayo sekhabhoni esebenzayo kunye notyalo-mali olubalulekileyo ngabavelisi abadumileyo ukunyusa umthamo wemveliso kulindeleke ukuba kuqhube ukukhula kwekhabhoni esebenzayo ngexesha loqikelelo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-17-2022