Ngowama-2020, iAsia Pacific yayibambe isabelo esikhulu kwimarike yehlabathi yekhabhoni esebenzayo. ITshayina neIndiya ngabavelisi ababini abaphambili bekhabhoni esebenzayo kwihlabathi liphela. EIndiya, ishishini lokuvelisa ikhabhoni esebenzayo lelinye lamashishini akhula ngokukhawuleza. Ukukhula kwemizi-mveliso kulo mmandla kunye nokwanda kwamanyathelo karhulumente okuphatha inkunkuma yemizi-mveliso kukhuthaze ukusetyenziswa kwekhabhoni esebenzayo. Ukwanda kwabantu kunye nemfuno ephezulu yemveliso yemizi-mveliso neyezolimo kunoxanduva lokukhupha inkunkuma kwimithombo yamanzi. Ngenxa yokwanda kwemfuno yamanzi kwimizi-mveliso enxulumene nokuveliswa kwenkunkuma ngobuninzi, ishishini lonyango lwamanzi lifumana ukusetyenziswa kwalo eAsia Pacific. Ikhabhoni esebenzayo isetyenziswa kakhulu ekucoceni amanzi. Oku kulindeleke ukuba kube negalelo ekukhuleni kwemarike kulo mmandla.
Ukukhutshwa kweMercury kukhutshwa kwizikhululo zamandla ezisebenzisa amalahle kwaye kuyingozi kwindalo esingqongileyo nakwimpilo yabantu. Amazwe amaninzi abeke imigaqo malunga nobungakanani betyhefu ekhutshwa kwezi zikhululo zamandla. Amazwe asaphuhlayo akakamiseli migaqo okanye imithetho kwi-mercury; nangona kunjalo, ulawulo lwe-mercury lwenzelwe ukuthintela ukukhutshwa kwegesi okuyingozi. I-China ithathe amanyathelo okuthintela nokunciphisa ungcoliseko yi-mercury ngokusebenzisa izikhokelo ezahlukeneyo, imithetho, kunye neminye imilinganiselo. Ubuchwepheshe bolawulo oluphambili, kubandakanya i-hardware kunye nesoftware, busetyenziswa ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-mercury. I-activated carbon yenye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo ezisetyenziswa kwizixhobo zezi teknoloji ukucoca umoya. Imigaqo yokulawula ukukhutshwa kwe-mercury ukuthintela izifo ezibangelwa yityhefu ye-mercury inyukile kumazwe amaninzi. Umzekelo, iJapan yamkele imigaqo-nkqubo engqongqo yokukhutshwa kwe-mercury ngenxa yesifo saseMinamata esibangelwa yityhefu ye-mercury enzima. Ubuchwepheshe obutsha, obufana ne-Activated Carbon Injection, busetyenziswa ukujongana nokukhutshwa kwe-mercury kula mazwe. Ke ngoko, imithetho ekhulayo yokukhutshwa kwe-mercury kwihlabathi liphela iqhuba imfuno ye-activated carbon.
Ngokohlobo, imakethi yekhabhoni esebenzayo yahlulwe yaba yi-powdered, granular, kunye ne-pelletized kunye nezinye. Ngo-2020, icandelo le-powdered labamba isabelo esikhulu semarike. I-powdered carbon esekwe kwi-powdered yaziwa ngokusebenza kwayo kakuhle kunye neempawu zayo, ezinje ngobukhulu be-particles, okwandisa indawo yomphezulu we-adsorption. Ubungakanani be-powdered carbon esekwe kwi-powdered bukwi-5‒150Å. I-powdered carbon esekwe kwi-powdered inexabiso eliphantsi. Ukusetyenziswa okwandayo kwe-powdered carbon esekwe kwi-powdered kuya kuqhubeka nokunyusa imfuno ngexesha lexesha eliqikelelweyo.
Ngokusekelwe kwisicelo, imakethi yekhabhoni esebenzayo yahlulwe yaba kunyango lwamanzi, ukutya neziselo, amayeza, iimoto, kunye nezinye. Ngo-2020, icandelo lokunyanga amanzi libambe isabelo esikhulu semarike ngenxa yokwanda kwemizi-mveliso kwihlabathi liphela. Ikhabhoni esebenzayo iqhubekile nokusetyenziswa njengendlela yokucoca amanzi. Amanzi asetyenziswa kwimveliso angcoliswa kwaye afuna unyango ngaphambi kokuba akhutshwe emanzini. Amazwe amaninzi anemigaqo engqongqo malunga nokunyanga amanzi kunye nokukhululwa kwamanzi angcolisiweyo. Ngenxa yomthamo ophezulu wokufunxa ikhabhoni esebenzayo okubangelwa kukubola kwayo kunye nommandla omkhulu womphezulu, isetyenziswa kakhulu ukususa ungcoliseko emanzini.
Amazwe amaninzi axhomekeke ekungenisweni kwezi zinto ziluhlaza ukuze alungiselele ikhabhoni esebenzayo ajongene nemingeni emikhulu ekuthengeni ezi zinto. Oku kubangele ukuvalwa okuncinci okanye ngokupheleleyo kweendawo zokuvelisa ikhabhoni esebenzayo. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko uqoqosho luceba ukuvuselela imisebenzi yalo, kulindeleke ukuba imfuno yekhabhoni esebenzayo inyuke kwihlabathi liphela. Isidingo esikhulayo sekhabhoni esebenzayo kunye notyalo-mali olukhulu ngabavelisi abadumileyo ukwandisa amandla emveliso kulindeleke ukuba kuqhube ukukhula kwekhabhoni esebenzayo ngexesha lexesha eliqikelelweyo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-17-2022