Yintoni oyaziyo nge-activated carbon?
Kuthetha ukuthini xa kuthethwa nge-activated carbon?
Ikhabhoni esebenzayo yinto yendalo ecutshungulwayo enomxholo ophezulu wekhabhoni. Umzekelo, amalahle, umthi okanye ikhokhonathi zizinto ezifanelekileyo zokwenza oku. Imveliso ephumayo inemibhobho ephezulu kwaye inokufunxa iimolekyuli zongcoliseko kwaye izibambe, ngaloo ndlela icoce umoya, iigesi kunye nolwelo.
Zeziphi iifom ezinokunikezelwa ngekhabhoni esebenzayo?
Ikhabhoni esebenzayo ingenziwa ngorhwebo kwiifom ze-granular, pelletized kunye ne-powdered. Ubungakanani obahlukeneyo buchazwa kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa. Umzekelo, ekuphathweni komoya okanye igesi, umda wokuhamba kwamanzi ungeniswa, ngoko ke amasuntswana aqinileyo asetyenziswa ukunciphisa ukulahleka koxinzelelo. Ekuphathweni kolwelo, apho inkqubo yokususa ihamba kancinci, emva koko amasuntswana amancinci asetyenziswa ukuphucula isantya, okanye i-kinetics, yenkqubo yokucoca.
Isebenza njani ikhabhoni esebenzayo?
Ikhabhoni esebenzayo isebenza ngenkqubo yokufunxa. Oku kukutsalwa kwemolekyuli kumphezulu omkhulu wangaphakathi wekhabhoni ngamandla abuthathaka, aziwa ngokuba yimikhosi yaseLondon. Imolekyuli ibanjwe endaweni yayo kwaye ayinakususwa, ngaphandle kokuba iimeko zenkqubo zitshintsha, umzekelo ukufudumala okanye uxinzelelo. Oku kunokuba luncedo njengoko ikhabhoni esebenzayo ingasetyenziselwa ukugxininisa izinto kumphezulu wayo ezinokususwa kamva kwaye zibuyiselwe. Ukusetyenziswa kwekhabhoni esebenzayo ukubuyisa igolide ngumzekelo oqhelekileyo woku.
Kwezinye iimeko, ikhabhoni esebenzayo inyangwa ngamakhemikhali ukuze kususwe ungcoliseko kwaye kule meko i-compound esabelayo ayifumaneki.
Umphezulu wekhabhoni osebenzayo nawo awusebenzi ngokupheleleyo, kwaye iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokubangela ukonakala zinokufezekiswa kusetyenziswa kwaye kusetyenziswe indawo engaphezulu yangaphakathi ekhoyo.
Ithini i-activated carbon kwizicelo?
IiCarbon eziSebenzisiweyo zineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa ukusuka ekuhluzeni ukuya ekucoceni nangaphezulu.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ubunzima kunye nokuxhaphaka kweengxaki zencasa kunye nevumba emanzini okusela kuye kwanda kwihlabathi liphela. Ngaphaya kwengxaki yobuhle kumthengi, oku kuhlala kudala ukungaqiniseki malunga nomgangatho kunye nokhuseleko lwamanzi. Iikhompawundi ezibangela iingxaki zencasa kunye nevumba zinokuba nemvelaphi yendalo (yokukhupha imveliso kwimizi-mveliso okanye kamasipala) okanye yendalo. Kwimeko yokugqibela, ziveliswa zizinto eziphilayo ezincinci ezifana ne-cyanobacteria.
Iikhompawundi ezimbini eziqhelekileyo yi-geosmin kunye ne-2-methylisoborneol (MIB). I-Geosmin, enevumba lomhlaba, idla ngokuveliswa yi-planktonic cyanobacteria (exhonywe emanzini). I-MIB, enevumba elibi, idla ngokuveliswa kwi-biofilm ephuhla ematyeni, kwizityalo zasemanzini nakwi-sediment. Ezi khompawundi zifunyanwa ziiseli zabantu ezinukayo kumanqanaba aphantsi kakhulu, nokuba zikwiindawo ezimbalwa kwi-trillion nganye (ppt, okanye ng/l).
Iindlela zokunyanga amanzi eziqhelekileyo azikwazi ukususa i-MIB kunye ne-geosmin zibe ngaphantsi kwemilinganiselo yazo yokunambitha kunye nevumba, nto leyo ekhokelela ekusetyenzisweni kwe-activated carbon kule sicelo. Indlela eqhelekileyo yokusebenza kukusebenzisa i-powdered activated carbon (PAC), efakwa emanzini ngamaxesha athile onyaka ukulawula iingxaki zencasa kunye nevumba.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-04-2025