I-Polyacrylamide: I-Polymer Enemisebenzi Emininzi Kushishino Lwanamhlanje
I-Polyacrylamide (i-PAM), yi-polymer ethambileyo enyibilikayo emanzini ene-molecular ephezulu edlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino. Yi-polymer ephuma kwi-acrylamide monomers, kwaye kwimizi-mveliso, ii-polymers eziqulathe iiyunithi zokwakha ze-acrylamide monomer ezingaphezulu kwe-50% zibizwa ngokuba yi-polyacrylamide.
I-PAM inokwahlulwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezingezizo i-ionic, i-anionic, i-cationic, kunye ne-amphoteric ngokweempawu zayo ze-ionic. I-PAM engezizo i-ionic ayinamaqela angabonakaliyo kwikhonkco layo leemolekyuli, i-PAM ye-anionic inamaqela ahlawuliswe kakubi, i-PAM ye-cationic inamaqela ahlawuliswe kakuhle, kwaye i-PAM ye-amphoteric inamaqela ahlawuliswe kakubi nalungileyo.
Iindlela zokuvelisa i-PAM ziquka i-aqueous solution polymerization, i-reverse emulsion polymerization, kunye ne-radiation - initiated polymerization. I-Aqueous solution polymerization yeyona ndlela indala nesetyenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yokhuseleko lwayo kunye nexabiso layo eliphantsi. I-reverse emulsion polymerization ikhethwa kwizicelo eziphezulu zokusebenza, kwaye i-radiation - initiated polymerization yindlela entsha enokuvelisa i-PAM kubushushu obuphakathi ngaphandle kweekhemikhali zokuqala.
I-PAMineempawu ezintle kakhulu zomzimba nezekhemikhali. Inokunyibilika kakuhle emanzini kwaye inokunyibilika emanzini abandayo ukuze yenze isisombululo esiqinileyo. Iitsheyini zayo ezinobunzima obuphezulu zinokwenza "iibhulorho" phakathi kwee-particles ezifunxiweyo, okuvumela ukutyibilika kunye nokutsalwa kwee-particles ezixhonyiweyo emanzini. Ukongeza, i-PAM ineempawu zokutyeba, ukunamathela, kunye nokunciphisa ukutsalwa.
Ngokuphathelele ukusetyenziswa, i-PAM isetyenziswa kakhulu kunyango lwamanzi, ukumbiwa kwepetroleum, ukwenza amaphepha, kunye neminye imboni. Ekulungiseni amanzi, ingasetyenziswa njenge-flocculant ukusebenzisana ne-coagulants ezifana ne-PAC ukucacisa amanzi amdaka kamasipala, amanzi amdaka emizi-mveliso, kunye namanzi amdaka okuhlamba amalahle. Kwishishini lepetroleum, isetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokukhukula ukuphucula ukubuyiswa kweoyile. Kwishishini lokwenza amaphepha, inokuphucula izinga lokugcina izinto ezizaliswayo kunye nemibala kwaye yonyuse amandla ephepha.
Nangona kunjalo, xa usebenzisa i-PAM, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okhuseleko. Umzekelo, kufuneka inyibilikiswe emanzini acocekileyo, kwaye isantya sokuyixuba akufuneki sikhawuleze kakhulu ukuthintela ukuba i-molecular chain ingaphuki. Umlinganiselo kufuneka umiselwe ngovavanyo oluncinci, kuba ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kuya kwenza amanzi abe krakra kwaye kuchaphazele ukubola.
Lilonke, i-PAM yi-polymer eguquguqukayo nebalulekileyo. Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lweshishini, amathuba okusetyenziswa kwayo aya kuba maninzi, kodwa kwangaxeshanye, kufuneka siqwalasele ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nempembelelo yayo kwindalo esingqongileyo.
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