Ulwazi oluPhambili kwiTekhnoloji yoMveliso weKhabhoni eSebenzisiweyo
Imveliso yekhabhoni esebenzayo lulandelelwano oluqhutywa ngokuchanekileyo lweenkqubo eziguqula izitokhwe zendalo zibe zi-adsorbents ezinemingxuma emininzi, apho yonke iparameter yokusebenza ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-adsorption yezinto kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso. Le teknoloji iguquke kakhulu ukuze ihlangabezane neemfuno ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kunyango lwamanzi ukuya ekucoceni umoya, kunye notshintsho oluqhubekayo olugxile ekuzinzeni nasekuphuculeni ukusebenza.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziluhlaza kunye nokulungiswa kwangaphambili: Isiseko soMgangathoUhambo luqala ngoukukhethwa kwezinto eziluhlaza ezicwangcisiweyo, njengoko iipropati zesondlo zilawula iimpawu zemveliso yokugqibela. Amaqokobhe ekhokhonathi ahlala ekhethwa kakhulu ngenxa yomxholo wawo ophezulu wekhabhoni ozinzileyo (ngaphezulu kwe-75%), amanqanaba aphantsi othuthu (ngaphantsi kwe-3%), kunye nolwakhiwo lwefayibha yendalo, oluququzelela ukwakheka kwemingxuma—okwenza ukuba ibe yeyona ifanelekileyo kwizicelo eziphezulu ezifana nokususwa kwetyhefu yamayeza. Amalahle, ngakumbi iintlobo ze-bituminous kunye ne-anthracite, akhethwa kwimveliso enkulu yemizi-mveliso ngenxa yokwakheka kwawo okuzinzileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko, ngelixa izitokhwe zokutya ezisekelwe kwiinkuni (umz., ipayini, i-oki) zikhethwa kwiimarike ezinobuhlobo nendalo ngenxa yendalo yazo ehlaziyekayo. Emva kokukhethwa, ukucubungula kwangaphambili kubalulekile: izinto eziluhlaza zityunyuzwa zibe ngamasuntswana angama-2-5mm ukuqinisekisa ukusasazwa kobushushu okufanayo, emva koko zomiswe kwii-oven ezijikelezayo kwi-120-150°C ukunciphisa umxholo womswakama ngaphantsi kwe-10%. Eli nyathelo linciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngexesha lokufudumeza okulandelayo kwaye lithintela ukungalingani kwekhabhoni.
Iinkqubo Eziphambili: Ukwenziwa Kwekhabhoni kunye Nokusebenza
Ukwenziwa kweCarbonizationlinyathelo lokuqala lokuguqula izinto, eliqhutywa kwii-oven ezijikelezayo ezingenayo ioksijini okanye kwii-vertical retorts kwi-400–600°C. Apha, izinto eziguquguqukayo (umz., amanzi, i-tar, kunye nee-organic acids) ziyasuswa, zibangela ukwehla kobunzima nge-50–70%, ngelixa kwakheka i-carbon skeleton eqinileyo. Nangona kunjalo, le skeleton ine-porosity encinci—ngesiqhelo ingaphantsi kwe-100 m²/g—efunaukuvuselelwaukuvula amandla okufunxa izinto.
Iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokuqalisa ukusebenza zisetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso.Ukusebenza ngokomzimba(okanye ukusebenza kwegesi) kubandakanya ukunyanga izinto ezifakwe i-carbonised ngeegesi ezikhupha i-oxidizing (umphunga, i-CO₂, okanye umoya) kwi-800–1000°C. Igesi isabela kumphezulu wekhabhoni, ikhupha ii-micro-pores (≤2nm) kunye nee-meso-pores (2–50nm) ezenza indawo engaphezulu kwe-1,500 m²/g. Le ndlela ithandwa kakhulu kwikhabhoni esebenzayo ye-food-grade kunye ne-pharmaceutical ngenxa yendalo yayo engenazo iikhemikhali.Ukusebenza kweekhemikhaliNgokwahlukileyo koko, ixuba izinto eziluhlaza kunye nee-arhente zokukhupha amanzi emzimbeni (ZnCl₂, H₃PO₄, okanye KOH) ngaphambi kokuba i-carbonization ibe yi-carbonization. Ezi khemikhali zehlisa ubushushu bokusebenza ukuya kwi-400–600°C kwaye zikhuthaza ukusasazwa kobukhulu beembobo ezifanayo, okwenza ukuba zilungele ukusetyenziswa okukhethekileyo njenge-VOC adsorption. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela ifuna ukuhlamba ngamanzi okanye ii-asidi ngokungqongqo ukususa iikhemikhali eziseleyo, okongeza ubunzima kwinkqubo.
Utshintsho oluqhubekekayo emva koNyango kunye noBuchule obuZinzileyo
Emva kokusebenza, imveliso iyatyunyuzwa, ihluzwe (ukufikelela kubukhulu beesuntswana ukusuka kwi-0.5mm ukuya kwi-5mm), kwaye yomiswe ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nemigangatho yoshishino. Imizila yemveliso yanamhlanje idibanisa amanyathelo okugcina uzinzile: ubushushu benkunkuma obuvela kwiifurniture ze-carbonization buphinda busetyenziswe kwii-power dryers, ngelixa iimveliso ezisetyenziswa ziikhemikhali (umz. ii-asidi ezixutyiweyo) zisuswa kwaye zisetyenziswe kwakhona. Ukongeza, uphando malunga nokutya kwe-biomass—ezifana nenkunkuma yezolimo (iikhaki zerayisi, i-sagasse yomoba)—lunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kumalahle angahlaziyekiyo kwaye luphucula umgangatho weteknoloji kwindalo esingqongileyo.
Ngamafutshane, iteknoloji yokuvelisa ikhabhoni esebenzayo ilungelelanisa ubunjineli obuchanekileyo kunye nokuguquguquka, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ikwazi ukuphumeza iindima ezibalulekileyo kukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye neenkqubo zoshishino. Njengoko imfuno yamanzi acocekileyo nomoya ikhula, inkqubela phambili ekuhlukeni kwezinto zokutya kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto eziluhlaza kuya kuqinisa ukubaluleka kwayo.
Singabathengisi abaphambili eTshayina, ngexabiso okanye ulwazi oluthe kratya, wamkelekile ukuqhagamshelana nathi kule dilesi:
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