Inkqubo yokucubungula ikhabhoni esebenzayo idla ngokuquka i-carbonization elandelwa kukuvuselelwa kwezinto zekhabhoni ezivela kwimifuno. I-Carbonization lunyango lobushushu kwi-400-800°C oluguqula izinto eziluhlaza zibe yikhabhoni ngokunciphisa umxholo wezinto eziguquguqukayo kunye nokwandisa umxholo wekhabhoni wezinto. Oku kwandisa amandla ezinto kwaye kudala isakhiwo sokuqala esineembobo esifunekayo ukuba ikhabhoni iza kusebenza. Ukulungisa iimeko zekhabhoni kunokuchaphazela kakhulu imveliso yokugqibela. Ubushushu obandayo bekhabhoni buyandisa i-reactivity, kodwa kwangaxeshanye kunciphisa umthamo weembobo ezikhoyo. Olu buninzi bomthamo wembobo lubangelwa kukwanda kokuxinana kwezinto kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu ekhabhoni okwenza ukuba kubekho ukwanda kwamandla oomatshini. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukukhetha ubushushu benkqubo obuchanekileyo ngokusekelwe kwimveliso oyifunayo yekhabhoni.
Ezi oxides ziyasasazeka ziphuma kwikhabhoni nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho igesi engaphelelanga evula iimbobo ezazivaliwe ngaphambili kwaye iphuhlise ngakumbi isakhiwo sangaphakathi seembobo zekhabhoni. Kwi-activation yeekhemikhali, ikhabhoni isabela kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu nge-arhente yokudambisa amanzi esusa uninzi lwe-hydrogen kunye ne-oxygen kwisakhiwo sekhabhoni. I-activation yeekhemikhali idla ngokudibanisa inyathelo le-carbonization kunye ne-activation, kodwa la manyathelo mabini asenokwenzeka ngokwahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kwinkqubo. Iindawo eziphezulu ezingaphezulu kwe-3,000 m2 / g zifunyenwe xa kusetyenziswa i-KOH njenge-arhente evuselela iikhemikhali.
Ikhabhoni esebenzayo evela kwiZinto ezahlukeneyo ezikrwada.
Ukongeza ekubeni yi-adsorbent esetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo, i-activated carbon inokuveliswa ngezinto ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yimveliso eguquguqukayo kakhulu enokuveliswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kwinto eluhlaza ekhoyo. Ezinye zezi zinto ziquka amaqokobhe ezityalo, amatye eziqhamo, izinto ezinjengomthi, i-asphalt, ii-metal carbides, ii-carbon blacks, ii-scrap waste deposits ezivela kwi-sewage, kunye nee-polymer scrap. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zamalahle, esele zikhona kwimo ye-carbonaceous ezi-5 ezinesakhiwo se-pore esiphuhlileyo, zinokucutshungulwa ngakumbi ukwenza i-activated carbon. Nangona i-activated carbon inokuveliswa phantse kuyo nayiphi na into eluhlaza, kungcono kakhulu kwaye kuyakhathalela okusingqongileyo ukuvelisa i-activated carbon evela kwi-waste materials. Ii-activated carbon eziveliswe kwii-coconut shells zibonakalisiwe ukuba zine-micropores ezininzi, nto leyo ezenza ukuba zibe zezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu xa kufuneka amandla aphezulu okufunxa. I-sawdust kunye nezinye izinto ezifunxayo zomthi nazo ziqulathe izakhiwo ezifunxayo ezinamandla ezilungele ukufunxa ukusuka kwi-gas phase. Ukuvelisa ikhabhoni esebenzayo kwi-olive, plum, apricot, kunye namatye epetshi kuvelisa ii-adsorbents ezifanayo kakhulu ezinobunzima obukhulu, ukumelana nokukrala kunye nomthamo ophezulu we-micropore. Ii-PVC scrap zingasetyenziswa ukuba i-HCl isusiwe kwangaphambili, kwaye ziphumela kwi-activated carbon eyi-adsorbent elungileyo ye-methylene blue. Iikhabhoni ezisebenzayo ziye zaveliswa nakwi-tire scrap. Ukuze kwahlulwe uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto ezinokubakho, kuba yimfuneko ukuvavanya iipropati zomzimba emva kokusebenza. Xa ukhetha i-precursor, ezi mpawu zilandelayo zibalulekile: indawo ethile yomphezulu wee-pores, umthamo we-pore kunye nokusasazwa komthamo we-pore, ukwakheka kunye nobukhulu bee-granules, kunye nesakhiwo sekhemikhali/uhlobo lomphezulu wekhabhoni.
Ukukhetha i-precursor echanekileyo yokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu kuba ukwahluka kwezinto ezisetyenziswayo kuvumela ukulawula ulwakhiwo lwe-carbons pore. Ii-precursor ezahlukeneyo ziqulathe ubungakanani obahlukeneyo bee-macropores (> 50 nm,) ezithi zichonge i-reactivity yazo. Ezi macropores azisebenzi kwi-adsorption, kodwa ubukho bazo buvumela iindlela ezininzi zokwenza ii-micropores ngexesha lokusebenza. Ukongeza, ii-macropores zibonelela ngeendlela ezininzi zokuba ii-molecules ze-adsorbate zifikelele kwii-micropores ngexesha loku-adsorption.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Epreli-01-2022