Isakhiwo esikhethekileyo, esinezingxobo kunye nommandla omkhulu wekhabhoni esebenzayo, edityaniswe namandla okutsala umdla, ivumela ikhabhoni esebenzayo ukuba ibambe kwaye ibambe iintlobo ngeentlobo zemathiriyeli kumphezulu wayo. Ikhabhoni esebenzayo iza ngeendlela ezininzi kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Iveliswa ngokucubungula imathiriyeli yekhabhoni, amaxesha amaninzi ngamalahle, iinkuni, okanye amakhatshu ekhokhonathi, kwindawo yobushushu obuphezulu (njengeziko elijikelezayo [5]) ukuze kusebenze ikhabhoni kunye nokudala ubume bomhlaba obunobumdaka obuphezulu.
Ikhabhoni esebenzayo yenye yezona mveliso zisetyenziswayo kushishino lokucoca amanzi. I-porous kakhulu kunye nommandla omkhulu, okwenza kube yinto esebenzayo ye-adsorbent. Ikhabhoni esebenzayo yeyeqela lezixhobo zekhabhoni ezinobhobhobhosi ezinomthamo ophezulu we-adsorption kunye nekhono lokuvuselela kwakhona. Izinto ezininzi zisetyenziswa njengesiseko semathiriyeli ukuvelisa i-AC. Ezona ziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukuhlanjululwa kwamanzi yigobolondo yekhokhonathi, ukhuni, amalahle e-anthracite kunye ne-peat.
Iintlobo ngeentlobo zekhabhoni esebenzayo zikhona, nganye ibonelela ngeempawu zemathiriyeli ezahlukeneyo ezenza ilungele usetyenziso oluthile. Ngaloo ndlela, abavelisi banikezela uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso zekhabhoni esebenzayo. Kuxhomekeka kwisicelo, ikhabhoni ecushiweyo ingasetyenziswa kumgubo, igranular, extruded, okanye imo engamanzi. Ingasetyenziswa yodwa, okanye idityaniswe neetekhnoloji ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nokubulala iintsholongwane kwi-UV. Iinkqubo zokucocwa kwamanzi zikholisa ukusebenzisa i-granular okanye umgubo wekhabhoni eyenziwe yasebenza, enegranular activated carbon (GAC) esuka kumalahle e-bituminous yeyona ndlela isetyenziswayo. Iqokobhe leKhokhonathi liye lavela njengenye yeendlela ezilungileyo zekhabhoni esebenzayo kwiimfuno zenkqubo yokucoca amanzi. Iqokobhe leKhokhonathi iikhabhoni ezisebenzayo ezizii-micro-pores. Ezi pores zincinci zihambelana nobukhulu beemolekyuli ezingcolileyo kumanzi okusela kwaye ngaloo ndlela zisebenza kakhulu ekubambiseni. Iikhokhonathi zisisixhobo esinokuhlaziywa kwaye sifumaneka lula unyaka wonke. Zikhula ngobuninzi kwaye zinokugcinwa ixesha elide.
Amanzi asenokuba nezinto ezingcolisayo ezinokuchaphazela impilo kunye nomgangatho wobomi. Amanzi enzelwe ukusetyenziswa ngabantu kufuneka angabikho kwizinto eziphilayo kwaye angabikho kwimichiza yeekhemikhali ezinokuba yingozi empilweni. Amanzi esiwasela mihla le kufuneka angabi nalungcoliso. Kukho iindidi ezimbini zamanzi okusela: amanzi acocekileyo kunye namanzi akhuselekileyo. Kubalulekile ukwahlula phakathi kwezi ntlobo zimbini zamanzi okusela.
Amanzi acocekileyo anokuchazwa njengamanzi angenazo izinto ezingaphandle kwangaphandle nokuba akanabungozi okanye akunjalo. Noko ke, ngokwembono esebenzisekayo, amanzi acocekileyo kunzima ukuvelisa, kwanakwizixhobo ezintsonkothileyo zangoku. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amanzi akhuselekileyo ngamanzi angenakwenzeka ukuba abangele iziphumo ezingathandekiyo okanye ezimbi. Amanzi akhuselekileyo asenokuqulatha ezinye izingcolisi kodwa ezi zingcolisi aziyi kubangela nayiphi na ingozi okanye iziphumo ezibi empilweni ebantwini. Izingcolisi mazibe kuluhlu olwamkelekileyo.
Umzekelo, iklorination isetyenziselwa ukubulala iintsholongwane emanzini. Le nkqubo, nangona kunjalo, yazisa i-trihalomethanes (THMs) kwimveliso egqityiweyo. I-THMs ibeka ingozi kwimpilo enokubakho. Ukusela ixesha elide lamanzi aneklorini kubonakala kwandisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wesinyi ukuya kutsho kuma-80 ekhulwini, ngokutsho kophando olupapashwe kwijenali yeNational Cancer Institute (St. Paul Dispatch & Pioneer Press, 1987).
Njengoko inani labemi behlabathi lisanda kwaye iimfuno zokusebenzisa amanzi akhuselekileyo zisanda kunanini na ngaphambili, kuya kuba yinkxalabo enkulu kwikamva elingekude ukuba amaziko okucoca amanzi asebenze ngakumbi. Kwelinye icala, unikezelo lwamanzi ezindlini lusasongelwa zizingcoliso ezifana neekhemikhali kunye nemicroorganisms.
Ikhabhoni esebenzayo isetyenziswe njengendlela yokucoca amanzi ukucocwa kwamanzi okusela iminyaka emininzi. Isetyenziselwa ngokubanzi ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezingcolileyo emanzini ngenxa yomthamo wayo ophezulu wokubhengezwa kwezixhobo ezinjalo, ezibangelwa indawo yazo enkulu kunye ne-porosity. Iikhabhoni ezisebenzayo zineempawu ezihlukeneyo zomhlaba kunye nokusabalalisa ubungakanani bepore, iimpawu ezidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubhengezeni ukungcola emanzini.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-26-2022