Ikhabhoni esebenzayo, ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi-activated charcoal, sisibhengezo esikhethekileyo esixatyiswayo ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esinemingxuma egqithisileyo esivumela ukuba ibambe kwaye ibambe izinto ngokufanelekileyo.
Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwinani lamashishini ukususa izinto ezingafunekiyo kulwelo okanye kwiigesi, ikhabhoni esebenzayo ingasetyenziswa kwinani elingapheliyo lezicelo ezifuna ukususwa kwezinto ezingcolileyo okanye izinto ezingafunekiyo, ukusuka emanzini nomoya, ukuhlanjululwa komhlaba, kunye negolide. ukuchacha.
Kubonelelwe apha isishwankathelo sale mathiriyeli yahluke kakhulu.
YINTONI IKHABHONA ESEBENZAYO?
Ikhabhoni esebenzayo yinto esekelwe kwikhabhoni eye yacutshungulwa ukuze yandise iimpawu zayo ze-adsorptive, ivelise i-adsorbent material ephezulu.
Ikhabhoni esebenzayo iqhayisa ngobume bepore obunomtsalane obubangela ukuba ibenendawo ephezulu kakhulu apho ibanjwa kwaye ibambe izixhobo, kwaye inokuveliswa kwinani lezinto ezityebileyo zekhabhoni, kubandakanya:
Amaqokobhe ekhokhonathi
Iinkuni
Amalahle
I-Peat
Kunye nokuninzi…
Ngokuxhomekeke kumthombo wemathiriyeli, kunye neendlela zokusetyenzwa ezisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ikhabhoni ecuthiweyo, imbonakalo yendalo kunye neekhemikhali zemveliso yesiphelo zinokwahluka kakhulu.² Oku kudala ulungelelwaniso olunokwenzeka lotshintsho kwiikhabhoni eziveliswe urhwebo, kunye namakhulu eentlobo ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo. Ngenxa yoku, iikhabhoni ezisebenzayo eziveliswe ngokurhweba zikhetheke kakhulu ukuphumeza ezona ziphumo zibalaseleyo kwisicelo esinikiweyo.
Ngaphandle kokwahluka okunjalo, kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zekhabhoni eyenziwe yasebenza:
Ikhabhoni enePowdered Activated (PAC)
Iikhabhoni ezisebenza ngomgubo ziwela ngokubanzi kuluhlu lobungakanani besuntswana le-5 ukuya kwi-150 Å, kunye nobukhulu obungaphandle obukhoyo. IiPAC's ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwisigaba solwelo se-adsorption kwaye zibonelela ngeendleko ezicuthiweyo zokusetyenzwa kunye nokuguquguquka ekusebenzeni.
IGranular Activated Carbon (GAC)
Iikhabhoni zegranular activated ngokubanzi zihluka ngobukhulu bamasuntswana we-0.2 mm ukuya kwi-5 mm kwaye zinokusetyenziswa kuzo zombini iinkqubo zegesi kunye nesigaba solwelo. Ii-GACs zithandwa ngenxa yokuba zibonelela ngokuphathwa okucocekileyo kwaye zihlala ixesha elide kune-PACs.
Ukongezelela, banikezela ngamandla aphuculweyo (ubunzima) kwaye banokuphinda bahlaziywe kwaye basetyenziswe kwakhona.
Ikhabhoni eyongeziweyo esebenzayo (EAC)
Iikhabhoni ezisetyenzisiweyo ezikhutshiweyo ziyimveliso ye-pellet ye-cylindrical ukusuka kwi-1 mm ukuya kwi-5 mm. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukuphendulwa kwesigaba segesi, i-EACs yikhabhoni esebenzayo enzima ngenxa yenkqubo ye-extrusion.
Iintlobo ezongezelelweyo
Iindidi ezongezelelweyo zekhabhoni esebenzayo ziquka:
I-Bead Activated Carbon
Ikhabhoni eFakelweyo
Ikhabhoni efakwe iPolymer
Amalaphu eCarbon asebenzayo
IiFayibha zeCarbon ezisebenzayo
IIPROPATI ZEKHABHNINI ESEBENZAYO
Xa ukhetha ikhabhoni esebenzayo kwisicelo esithile, iimpawu ezahlukeneyo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe:
Ulwakhiwo lwePore
Ubume bepore bekhabhoni evuliweyo buyohluka kwaye ubukhulu becala sisiphumo semathiriyeli yemvelaphi kunye nendlela yokuvelisa.¹ Ubume bepore, ngokudityaniswa namandla anomtsalane, yiyo evumela ukuba i-adsorption yenzeke.
Ukuqina / Ukukrazula
Ukuqina / ukukrazula kwakhona yinto ephambili ekukhetheni. Izicelo ezininzi ziya kufuna ukuba ikhabhoni esebenzayo ibe namandla amasuntswana aphezulu kunye nokuchasana nokunciphisa (ukuqhekeka kwezinto zibe ziintlawulo). Ikhabhoni esetyenzisiweyo eveliswe kwiigobolondo zekhokhonathi inobunzima obukhulu beekhabhoni ezisebenzayo.4
Iipropati ze-Adsorptive
Iimpawu ze-absorptive zekhabhoni esebenzayo zibandakanya iimpawu ezininzi, kubandakanywa amandla e-adsorptive, izinga le-adsorption, kunye nokusebenza ngokubanzi kwekhabhoni esebenzayo.4
Ngokuxhomekeke kwisicelo (ulwelo okanye igesi), ezi zakhiwo zingabonakaliswa ngenani lezinto, kubandakanywa inombolo ye-iodine, indawo ephezulu, kunye neCarbon Tetrachloride Activity (CTC).4
Uxinzelelo olubonakalayo
Nangona ukuxinana okubonakalayo akuyi kuchaphazela i-adsorption ngeyunithi yobunzima, kuya kuchaphazela i-adsorption ngeyunithi yeyunithi.4
Ukufuma
Ngokufanelekileyo, isixa somswakama womzimba oqulethwe kwikhabhoni esebenzayo kufuneka iwele ngaphakathi kwe-3-6%.4
Isiqulatho sothuthu
Umxholo womlotha wekhabhoni esebenzayo ngumlinganiselo we-inert, i-amorphous, i-inorganic, kunye nenxalenye engasebenzisekiyo yezinto. Isiqulatho sothuthu siya kuba sisezantsi kangangoko, njengoko umgangatho wekhabhoni esebenzayo ukhula njengoko umxholo wothuthu uyancipha. 4
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-15-2022