I-activated carbon, ngamanye amaxesha ebizwa ngokuba yi-activated charcoal, yi-adsorbent ekhethekileyo exatyiswayo ngesakhiwo sayo esineembobo ezininzi esivumela ukuba ibambe kwaye ibambe izinto ngokufanelekileyo.
Isetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini amaninzi ukususa izinto ezingafunekiyo kulwelo okanye kwiigesi, ikhabhoni esebenzayo ingasetyenziswa kwinani elingapheliyo lezicelo ezifuna ukususwa kwezinto ezingcolisayo okanye izinto ezingafunekiyo, ekucoceni amanzi nomoya, ekulungisweni komhlaba, kwanokubuyiselwa kwegolide.
Nantsi inkcazelo eneenkcukacha ngalo mbandela uhlukeneyo kakhulu.
YINTONI IKHABHONI ESEBENZAYO?
Ikhabhoni esebenzayo yinto esekwe kwikhabhoni eye yacutshungulwa ukuze isebenzise iipropati zayo zokufunxa, nto leyo evelisa izinto ezifunxayo ezingcono kakhulu.
I-activated carbon inesakhiwo esimangalisayo se-pore esibangela ukuba ibe nendawo ephezulu kakhulu yokubamba nokubamba izinto, kwaye inokuveliswa ngezinto ezininzi eziphilayo ezityebileyo ngekhabhoni, kuquka:
Amaqokobhe ekhokhonathi
Umthi
Amalahle
I-Peat
Kunye nokuninzi…
Ngokuxhomekeke kwimvelaphi yezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, kunye neendlela zokucubungula ezisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ikhabhoni esebenzayo, iimpawu zomzimba nezekhemikhali zemveliso yokugqibela zinokwahluka kakhulu.² Oku kudala uluhlu lwamathuba okutshintsha kweekhabhoni eziveliswa kurhwebo, kunye neentlobo ezininzi ezikhoyo. Ngenxa yoku, iikhabhoni eziveliswa kurhwebo zikhethekile kakhulu ukufezekisa iziphumo ezilungileyo kwisicelo esithile.
Nangona kukho olu hlobo lotshintsho, kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zekhabhoni esebenzayo eveliswayo:
I-Powder Activated Carbon (PAC)
Iikhabhoni ezisebenza ngomgubo zihlala zikwinqanaba lobukhulu beentwana ukusuka kwi-5 ukuya kwi-150 Å, kwaye ezinye iisayizi zangaphandle ziyafumaneka. Ii-PAC zihlala zisetyenziswa kwizicelo zokufunxa ulwelo kwaye zibonelela ngeendleko zokucubungula ezincitshisiweyo kunye nokuguquguquka kokusebenza.
I-Granular Activated Carbon (GAC)
Iikhabhoni ezisebenza ngegranular ngokubanzi ziqala kubukhulu bee-particle ukusuka kwi-0.2 mm ukuya kwi-5 mm kwaye zingasetyenziswa kwi-gas kunye ne-liquid phase applications. Ii-GAC zithandwa kuba zibonelela ngokuphathwa okucocekileyo kwaye zihlala ixesha elide kunee-PAC.
Ukongeza, zinika amandla aphuculweyo (ubulukhuni) kwaye zinokuphinda zivuselelwe kwaye zisetyenziswe kwakhona.
Ikhabhoni eSebenzisiweyo ekhutshiweyo (EAC)
Iikhabhoni ezivuselelweyo ezikhutshiweyo ziyimveliso yepellet esisilinda enobukhulu obuqala kwi-1 mm ukuya kwi-5 mm. Ngokwesiqhelo zisetyenziswa kwiimpendulo zesigaba segesi, ii-EACs zikhabhoni evuselelweyo enamandla ngenxa yenkqubo yokukhupha.
Iindidi ezongezelelweyo
Ezinye iintlobo zekhabhoni esebenzayo ziquka:
I-Bead Activated Carbon
Ikhabhoni efakwe emanzini
I-Carbon egqunywe ngePolymer
Amalaphu eCarbon asebenzayo
Iifayibha zeCarbon ezisebenzayo
IIPROPATI ZEKHABONI ESEBENZAYO
Xa ukhetha ikhabhoni esebenzayo kwisicelo esithile, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe iimpawu ezahlukeneyo:
Ulwakhiwo lwePore
Ulwakhiwo lwembobo yekhabhoni esebenzayo luyahluka kwaye ikakhulu lubangelwa zizinto ezivela kuyo kunye nendlela yokuvelisa.¹ Ulwakhiwo lwembobo, kunye namandla anomtsalane, yiloo nto ivumela ukuba kubekho ukufunxwa.
Ukuqina/Ukurhawuzelelwa
Ukuqina/ukurhawuzelelwa nako yinto ebalulekileyo ekukhetheni. Ukusetyenziswa okuninzi kuya kufuna ukuba ikhabhoni esebenzayo ibe namandla aphezulu eenxalenye kunye nokumelana nokuqhekeka (ukuqhekeka kwezinto zibe ziincindi). Ikhabhoni esebenzayo eveliswa kwiigobolondo zekhokhonathi inobunzima obuphezulu beekhabhoni ezisebenzayo.4
Iipropati zokufunxa
Iimpawu zokufunxa zekhabhoni esebenzayo ziquka iimpawu ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya amandla okufunxa, izinga lokufunxa, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwekhabhoni esebenzayo.4
Ngokuxhomekeke ekusetyenzisweni (ulwelo okanye igesi), ezi mpawu zinokubonakaliswa zizinto ezininzi, kuquka inani le-iodine, indawo yomphezulu, kunye nomsebenzi weCarbon Tetrachloride (CTC).4
Uxinano olubonakalayo
Nangona uxinano olubonakalayo lungayi kuchaphazela ukufunxwa ngeyunithi nganye yobunzima, luya kuchaphazela ukufunxwa ngeyunithi nganye yomthamo.4
Ukufuma
Eyona nto ifanelekileyo kukuba, ubungakanani bomswakama obukwikhabhoni esebenzayo bufanele bube ngaphakathi kwe-3-6%.
Umxholo wothuthu
Umxholo wothuthu lwekhabhoni esebenzayo ngumlinganiselo wenxalenye engasebenziyo, engaguqukiyo, engaphiliyo, nengasetyenziswayo yezinto. Umxholo wothuthu uya kuba sezantsi kangangoko, njengoko umgangatho wekhabhoni esebenzayo unyuka njengoko umxholo wothuthu uncipha.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Julayi-15-2022